Calculating machine



Nov. 21, 1950 J. A. v. TURCK CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Feb. 20, 1947 4' Sheets-Sheet 1 Nov. 21, 1950 J. A. v. TURCK CALCULATING MACHINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 20, 1947 Nov. 21, 1950 J. A. v. TURCK CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Feb. 20, 1947 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Nov. 21, 1950 J. A. v. TURCK CALCULATING MACHINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Feb. 20, 1947 Jizz/e/ztm." Lfose iz a2 fTauT/f fwd, ry,

Patented Nov. 21, 195 0 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CALCULATING MACHINE? Joseph A. V. Turck, Wilmette, Ill., assignor to Felt & Tar-rant Manufacturing Company, Chi-' cago, 111., a corporation of Illinois Application February 20, 1947, Serial No. 729,735

9 Claims.

My invention relates in general to means for registering the number of times a group of denominational orders of a calculating machine is operated either in multiplication or division and has more particular reference to the provision of such registering means for each denominational order of a key-responsive power-driven or key driven calculating machine and provision of devices to prevent registration in all orders except the order in which the rightmost key of the multiplicand or of the divisor is depressed.

I am aware that means has been provided heretofore for registering the multiplier in positive forms of calculation and for registering the divisor in negative forms of calculation in calculating machines which have their accumulator mechanism in a shiftable carriage, commonly known as key set crank-operated machines, and also in such devices as are generally called mezzanine keyboards designed to operate on keydriven or key-responsive calculating machines which, like the shiftable carriage, provides means for localizing the proper order for registration in accordance with the shifting of the superimposed keyboard. However, the key set, crank or powerdriven machines are too slow where rapid calculation is required, and the mezzanine keyboard only slows down th key responsive power-operated or the key-operated calculating machine to a level with the key set crank or power operated typein fact when purchased such devices are soon laid aside as time wasters.

With the above in view, the main object of the present invention is to provide means whereby the mere operation of the keys of either a keyresponsive or power-operated calculating machine will under normal operation provide such registration.

Another object of the invention is to provide a key stroke register for each order of actuating mechanism, each operable to register the number of manual key strokes made in that order if it happens to be the rightmost order of the multiplier or of the divisor and the provision of means for preventing operation of the orders to the left from receiving registering actuation.

Another object of the invention is to provide a visible signal to inform the operator that a key or keys in any particular order has been depressed more times than the highest figure on the register, which in decimals would be nine and vary in accordance with the values represented by the various orders, such as are found in English or India, currency and fractional orders.

Another object of the invention is to provide manually operated means for clearing or zeroizing the stroke register.

Still another important object of the invention is to provide means for clearing or zeroizing the stroke register by and during the operation of the clearing or zeroizing devices for the accumulator mechanism of the machine to which the stroke register is afiixed.

A further object is to provide means for breaking all connection between the stroke register and their actuating devices in th various denominational orders or the returning of them to operative order at the will of the operator.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment disclosed in the accompanyin drawings, in which:

'Figure 1 is a top plan view, broken away centrally from front to back, of a calculating machine embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section taken adjacent a column of digit keys;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the stroke registering mechanism;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view 01 the overlapping means for causin the stroke registering mechanism in all orders to the left of the rightmost order operated to become inoperative;

Fig. 5 is a partial top plan view of the stroke registering mechanism;

Fig. 6 is a side elevation showing the zeroizing mechanism for the stroke registering mechanism and its connection with the regular register zeroizing devices.

Fig. 7 is a sectional view of a register wheel. For purposes of illustration my invention has been shown as embodied in a key-responsive, power actuated calculating machine similar to that shown and described in United States Letters Patent No. 2,021,393, issued November 19,

1935, and No. 2,063,962, issued December 15, 1936. In the exemplary machine, multiplication is performed by a process of repeated addition of the multiplicand. The usual practice is to hold the fingers, starting at the left of the machine, on the keys representing the multiplicand and depress them the number of times represented by the first, or left-hand figure in the multiplier, then shifting one column to the right and again depressing the keys the number of times represented by the next figure in the multiplier, etc., until the multiplicand has been depressed a number of times corresponding to the last or units figure of the multiplier. Accordingly, if the number of key depressions made in the column representing the units figure of the multiplicand is registered at the commencement of the calculation and thereafter for each successive shift to the right, when the calculation is complete the multiplier will be registered,

thereby providing a visible check on the accuracy of the operators manipulations.

In rapid multiplication, particularly where the multiplicand consists of several figures, the operator may only partially depress a key which, in the machine shown, will result in the locking of all the keys in columns other than that in which the partial key stroke occurred. This column is left unlocked in order that the operator may fully depress the key on which the error occurred, unlock the keyboard and continue. Without the stroke register the operator in general becomes confused relative to her mental stroke count and as a result proceeds to zeroize the numeral wheels and again begins the calculation. It will be understood, therefore, that provision of mechanism which will at a glance inform the operator after the error has been corrected which particular columns or orders of keys were being operated, and how far th multiplying had progressed in the particular multiplication problem before the error occurred, will relieve the operator of the mental burden above mentioned, and eliminate all chance of mistake when continuing the problem after correction of the error, thereby resulting in a saving in time and effort on the part of the operator.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, the exemplary calculating machine is shown as having an outer casing 2| within which the various instrumentalities of the machine are mounted on skeleton frame members or partition plates 22 disposed between the actuating mechanisms of the several denominational orders and secured together in spaced relationship at suitable points by tie-rods 23. A plurality of columns of digital keys 24, normally held in raised position by means of springs 38, are arranged to extend through a keyboard 25 positioned as part of the upper wall of the casing 2|, which keys are adapted for manipulation to determine the digital degrees of actuation to be imparted to the different denominational orders of accumulator mechanism. Each column of keys 24 controls the rotation of an accumulator actuating pinion 23 (Fig. 2) journaled upon a transverse shaft 21 that extends across the machine and is supported by the frame members 22. Rotation of each of the actuating pinions 26 is transmitted through an internal ratchet mechanism to a combined lantern wheel and accumulator gear 28 (Fig. 2) which is also journaled on the shaft 21. The gear of the lantern wheel 28 meshes with a carrying gear 38 journaled on a shaft (not shown) which is disposed in parallel relationship to the shaft 21. The carrying gear also meshes with an intermediate gear (not shown), which in turn meshes with a numeral wheel pinion 33 journaled on a transverse shaft (not shown) and fixed to a numeral wheel 34 (Fig. 2).

Carrying mechanism is provided in each denominational order of the accumulator mechanism for the purpose of imparting a digital unit of actuation thereto each time that a tens transfer is to take place from the next lower denom-v inational order of the accumulator. This mech-. anism, as well as that hereinbefore described, is more fully disclosed in United States Letters Patent No. 1,357,747 and No. 1,357,748, issued on November 2, 1920, so further and more particu lar description thereof is not thought to be necessary.

The adding is accomplished upon depression of the keys 24 and corresponding actuation of gear sectors 42 (Fig. 2) which are in mesh with the pinions 26, said sector being associated with each denominational section of the accumulator unit in association with its controlling column of keys. The gear sectors and the control and actuating mechanism for them are duplicated for each denominational order of the calculating machine, and a general description of a single set of such mechanism will be sufiicient for an understanding of them all, except that they have to be arranged and adapted to cooperate selectively and collectively with the power members.

The gear sectors 42 are mounted upon a shaft 43 which extends through the partition plates 22 of the machine and are adapted to be moved downwardly (viewing Fig. 2) on an idle or setting stroke in amount determined by the value of the particular digital key 24 of the associated column depressed, this amount increasing in graduating steps from 1 to 9. The keys 24 in addition act through a power trip mechanism to effect a connection whereby power supplied by an electric motor 44 (Fig. 2), through a power shaft 45, which is connected to the motor in any suitable manner, is effective to extend a spring 46 associated with the particular order of mechanism with which the key depressed is identified. Release of this spring thereafter accomplishes adding movement in amount determined by the particular digit key of the order depressed. Upon depression of said key, the gear sector 42 is moved through its idle or downward stroke by the power shaft 45 into position to impart proper and accurate digital accumulation to the adding mechanism upon its return movement, which is accomplished by the associated spring 46.

In the calculating machine shown in the drawings, depression of a key 24 causes its stem 4'! to engage a parallel motion bar 48 which is pivoted at the front at 49 to a lever 52 and at the rear in the same way to a lever 53. The levers are pivoted in turn upon cross shafts or rods 54 and 54 extending through the partition plates 22. A link 55 is pivotally connected at 56 to the lever 52 and at 5? to the lever 53. The bar 48, levers 52 and 53 and the link 55 form part of a parallel motion device, and are constructed and mounted as shown and described in United States Letters Patent No. 2,063,962, earlier mentioned. Further and more particular description of these parts is therefore thought to be unnecessary.

Each of the gear sectors 42 as stated above, is pivoted upon the cross shaft 43 and through a yieldin clutch 63 is articulately connected to a hook 58 by a link 59 (the hook 58 and link 59 being articulately connected to a vertical guide member 69 which in turn is pivotally mounted on a shaft 50). Each gear sector is also articulately connected to a movement controlling bar 6| by a link 62. The mode of operation of the parts is such that upon depression of a key 24 the stem 41 engages and depresses bar 48 imparting motion to the parallel motion device and, through suitable control mechanism which it is thought need not be described in detail, the hook 58 is moved down into engagement with a toothed wheel 13 fast on the power shaft 45, which continually turns in a counter-clockwise direction. The engagement of the hook 58 with the wheels 13 pulls the link 59 toward the rear of the machine, or toward the left, viewing Fig. 2, which imparts downward motion to the gear sector 42 through the yielding clutch 63. Forward motion is thus imparted to the digital control bar 6I until one of several lugs projecting laterally therefrom is stopped by the stem 41 of the key 24 depressed.

The link 59 moves the gear sector 42 downwardly on an idle stroke and into position to impart an adding movement upon release of the hook 58 and contraction of the spring 46. The downward movement of the gear sector 42 is under the control of the digital control bar M and the gear sector 42 is halted when it has been moved downwardly the proper distance, enabling it upon return to impart the degree of digital advancement to the adding mechanism which corresponds to the particular key depressed. The yielding clutch 63 permits the continuation of the rearward movement of the link 59 after downward movement of the gear sector 42 has been stopped, and until the end of the power stroke and the automatic release of the hook 58. The release of the hook 58 is accomplished automatically in each instance, after a set increment of action has been imparted to the link 59 by the teeth of the wheel I3. Upon the return stroke (the operative stroke of the gear sector), the yielding clutch 63 permits relative movement of the parts in reverse direction to the beginning of the adding movement, and thereafter the adding actuation is accomplished.

It is apparent, therefore, that upon depression of a key 24 the digital control bar 6I determines the degree and extent of the downward movement of the gear sector 42 and the bar 48 accomplishes connection of the latter to the power mechanism. In this operation, the key which has been operated is held depressed until release of the hook 58 from the wheel I3, when the key will be released and returned to normal raised position. It will be understood that, while no two keys 24 of the same column or denominational order may be operated simultaneously, any key of one order may be operated at the same time as any desired key of any other denominational order or orders.

The present invention contemplates the provision of means for registering the number of key depressions made in the denominational order in which the key representing the lowest denominational figure of value of the multiplicand is depressed during problems of multiplication. As earlier mentioned, keys representing the figures of value of the multiplicand are held at the left hand side of the machine and depressed a number of times corresponding to the highest denominational figure of the multiplier, then shifted to the right for the next denominational order of the multiplier and depressed a number of times corresponding to that figure of the multiplier, etc. The number of denominational shifts will, of course, correspond to the number of figures or denominational places in the multiplier. Therefore, it will be apparent that if means are provided for registering the number of key depressions made in the denominational orders representing the units figure of the multiplicand as it is successively shifted to the right from one denominational place to another, the figures representing the multiplier may be visibly displayed.

In carrying out my invention I provide a set of register wheels IOI (Figs. 1-3 and 5) mounted on a transordinal shaft I 00. The register wheels are visible through sight openings I02 arranged in the keyboard 25 immediately to the rear of the denominational orders or columns of keys. Securely fastened in any suitable manner to each numeral wheel IOI is an actuating ratchet I03 adapted for clockwise rotation (Fig. 3), as will presently be described, to visibly record upon the register wheel the number of accumulative actuations made in an associated column or order of keys.

As has been previously described, upon depression of a key, the hook 58 is moved down into engagement with the toothed wheel I3 pulling the link 59 toward the left, viewing Fig. 2. Mounted on the link 59 intermediate its ends is a stud I04 and a dolly roll I04 adapted, upon rearward movement of the link 59, to contact a horizontal arm I05 formed on the lower extremity of a vertical lever I06, rotatably mounted on a transverse shaft I01, and rock the lower part of the lever in a clockwise direction, viewing Fig. 2. At its upper extremity, the lever I06 is articulately connected to a rearwardly extending horizontal connecting link I08 which is supported at its rearward end upon an upright arm I09 which in turn is pivotally mounted on a transverse shaft III. The lever I06 is normally urged in a counter-clockwise direction under tension of spring H2 and is limited in such movement by engagement of a projection II3, formed on the upper end of the lever I06 with a stop stud I I4 fixed in an intermediate frame member 22 which has been omitted from Fig. 2 to give a clear view of the mechanism. Mounted at II5 for slight pivotal movement on the rear extremity of the link I08 is a horizonal actuating ratchet pawl II6 (Fig. 3), which extends rearwardly and is provided at its rear extremity with a lateral lug II'I adapted to be maintained in engagement with the teeth of the ratchet I03 under tension of a spring II8 which is mounted about the pivot H5 and the ends of which are in engagement with lateral projections H9 and H9 (Figs. 3 and 5) formed on its hub portions of the horizontal actuating ratchet pawl H6 and the end of the link I08, respectively.

From the above arrangement, it will be un-.

derstood that upon depression of a key 24 and resultant rearward movement of the link 59 the stud I04 mounted therein will engage the horizontal arm I05 and rock the lever I06 in a clockwise direction, viewing Fig. 2. Such move-, ment of the lever I06 against the tension of spring H2 causes limited forward movement (to the right, viewing Fig. 2) of the link I08 and the horizontal actuating ratchet pawl H6 sufiicient, however, to cause the lug I I! of the ratchet pawl to back up and engage the next tooth of the ratchet I03. Forward movement of the link I 08 and horizontal actuating ratchet pawl H6 is limited by engagement of a depending stop arm I2I (Fig. 2) formed on the forward end of the link I08, with the stop stud I I4 to prevent overaction from the rapid power movement. When the hook 58 is released from the toothed wheel I3 and the link 59 is moved forwardly under tension of spring 46, the stud I04 is moved out of engagement with the horizontal arm I05 and the vertical lever I06 is urged in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 2) under tension of spring II2. Counter-clockwise motion of the vertical lever I06 results in rearward movement of the connecting link I08 and the horizontal actuating ratchet pawl I I6.

The lug III formed on the ratchet pawl 16, if allowed to en age with.

a tooth of the ratchet I03, will cause clockwise rotation of the ratchet until rearward movement of the connecting link I08 and actuating ratchet pawl IIB is halted by engagement of projection 3 with stop stud I14. The motion communicated to the actuating ratchet I03 by the lug II! of the ratchet pawl H6 is sufficient to cause the associated numeral wheel IOI to be moved one step to register a different figure progres sively on the stroke register wheel. The above action, it will be understood, is repeated each time a digit key is depressed provided it is the rightmost of a series of orders being operated so that there will be registered on the numeral wheel IElI of the stroke register corresponding with the said order a figure corresponding to the number of key depressions made in its associated denominational order.

Means are provided in the form of a back stop,

indicated generally at I24 (Figs. 2 and 3), for

maintaining the actuating ratchet I03 and numeral wheel IQI in the position to which they are rotated by ratchet pawl I I6. One such back stop I24 is provided for each denominational order of stroke registering mechanism and is mounted for pivotal movement on a transordin-al shaft I23. Each back stop IE5 is constructed with an upwardly extending arm having a lateral projection or lug I formed at its upper extremity which is normally maintained in engagement with a tooth of the actuating ratchet I83 under tension of a back stop spring I23 (see Fig. 5), one end of which is connected to a spring arm I2! of the back stop I24, and the other end of which is connected to one arm I20 of a shutter I23, the purpose and function of which will later be described. The back stop I24 is also provided with a depending arm I3I, the lower extremity of which is in engagement with a notch I32 cut in a transordinal rock shaft I33 arranged at the rear of the machine in parallel relationship with the shaft I23 for a purpose which will be later explained.

Upon clockwise rotation of the actuating ratchet I63 and associated numeral wheel IOI in a registerin action as just described, the back stop as described is positioned to prevent reverse rotation of the numeral wheel WI and ratchet I03 under tension of the numeral wheel spring I34 (Fig. '7) which is mounted inside of the numeral wheel and about its hub. One end of the spring lS-i is connected to a pin I35 mounted in the hub of the numeral wheel, while the other end is retained by a pin I35 fixed in the intermediate frame plate 22.

As earlier mentioned, it is desirable that there be registered the number of key depressions made only in the denominational order in which the units figure of the multiplicand occurs in its use as a check for multiplication upon each successive denominational shift of the multiplicand to the right, and that the number of simultaneous key depressions in all orders of the multiplicand to the left of the units order shall not be registered in the numeral wheels IOI of the stroke register. Therefore, means are provided for pre venting the actuation of all numeral wheels of the stroke register to the left of the denominational order in which the key representin the units figure of the multiplicand is depressed.

Mounted on a transordinal shaft I31 (Figs. 3-5) and provided in association with each denominational order of stroke registering mechanism is a loop hubbed lever, indicated generally at I38. The lever I38 is provided with a downwardly and forwardly extending arm I39, the

lower extremity of which is in engagement with a pin I4I fixed in an arm I42 of the lever I09. The lever I38 also has formed thereon a rearwardly extending arm I43 positioned in the denominational order to the left of that in which the arm I39 is located, and provided with a laterally projecting lug I44 adapted to overlie the intermediate portion of a rearwardly extending arm I45 provided on a guard lever I46 mounted on the shaft I31 within the looped hub of the lever I38. The rear extremity I of the guard lever I46 is adapted to overlie the lug II! of ratchet pawl 76. A spring I4! is mounted on the shaft I31 within the hub of the guard lever I46 with its free ends engaging the hub of the said lever and a pin I48 fixed to the intermediate frame member 22. The spring I41 serves to urge the levers I38 and I46 in a clockwise direction (Fig. 3) and to maintain the arm I45 in engagement with the lateral lug I44 on the arm I43. With such an arrangement it will be apparent that upon depression of a key in a denominational order representing the units figure of the multiplicand, the link I08, as earlier described, is moved rearwardly and the support arm I09 is rocked in a clockwise direction (Figs. 2 and 3-) about its pivot III. Such motion of the arm I09, through the medium of the pin I4I fixed therein, causes counter-clockwise movement of the lever I38 which, in turn, through the arm I43 and laterally projecting lug I44 moves the arm I45 of the guard lever I46 in the next denominational order to the left downward against the tension of spring I41. As the lug I44 moves downward, the rear end I50 of the guard lever I46 will engage the lug II! of the ratchet pawl IIS and depress it out of engagement with the teeth of the actuating ratchet I03 where it will be maintained in such position by the arm I45 to prevent its engagement with the next succeeding tooth of the actuating ratchet I03 if a digit key is depressed in that order, which of course will happen if more than one order is bein operated.

The above operation of maintaining the ratchet pawl lug Ill out of engageable relationship with the teeth of the actuating ratchet I03 is transmitted through an overlapping means to all orders to the left of the rightmost key depressed. As earlier described, depression of a key will cause motion to be communicated to the lever I30, through its arm I39 and the pin I4I, to cause counter-clockwise motion of the lever I38 about its pivot I37 and its action controls the guard lever I45 in the next denominational order to the left to prevent the ratchet pawl lug I I! from en- Therefore, when counter-clockwise rotation of a lever I38 results from depression of a key in any particular order, the pin I5I will communicate similar rotation to the lever I38 immediately to its left through its engagement with the extension I52 thereof, and that lever I38 will, in turn, transmit the motion it has received to its adjacent lever I38. As each lever I 38 is rocked in a counter-clockwise direction, the projection I44 on the arm I43 thereof will depress its associated guard lever I45, which will serve as a guard to prevent the lug II! of the ratchet pawl II6 from rising in front of the ratchet teeth as they are operated and thereby prevent its engagement with the next succeeding tooth of the actuating ratchet I63 if a key is depressed in any orders to the left of the rightmost operated order.

The ratchet pawl lugs I I1 are thereafter maintained out of engageable relationship with the teeth of the actuating ratchet I03 until the calculation has been completed and the stroke register zeroized. After a zeroizing operation depression of a key in any particular order will be registered upon its associated stroke register numeral wheel II, but all stroke registering mechanisms to the left of that order will be rendered ineffective, as described, while all those to the right will remain open for operation to register depressions of keys representing figures of value in the multiplicand as the multiplicand is shifted across the machine in accordance with the number of denominational places in the multiplier. Normally, when the stroke register is conditioned for initial operation by depression of a key in any denominational order, the parts are in the position as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Provided on the lever I33 is a depending arm I53 (Fig. 4) having notches or ratchet teeth I54 and I54, cut therein, one or the other of which, as will be explained, is adapted to be engaged by a lateral projection I55 which is formed on the forwardly extending arm I56 of a dog lever I51. The dog lever I51 is mounted for pivotal movement on a shaft I58 and is also provided with a spring I62 to cause it to engage the ratchet teeth I54 and I54 of the overlapping levers I38 which serves to lock them in their acting position until released, as will later be described. The dog lever I51 also has a vertical hook member I59- formed on the forward extremity of the arm I56 above the engaging lug I55. An arm I6I forming part of the lever I51 extends rearwardly for engagement with the notch I32 in the transordinal shaft I33, previously referred to. The dog lever I51 is urged in a counter-clockwise direction (Figs. 2 and 3) under tension of the spring I62 to maintain the engaging lug I55 in engagement with the ratchet teeth I54 or I54. As earlier explained, when a key is depressed in one order, its lever I38 is rocked in a counter-clockwise direction, moving its associated arms I43 and I53 downwardly and forwardly. The projection I44 on arm I 43 engages the arm I45 of lever I46 to cause it to depress the ratchet pawl lug I I1 and actuating arm and render them ineffective to cause actuation of the ratchet I63 as long as they remain so engaged. The arm I45 is maintained in such depressed position to prevent effectual operation of ratchet pawl lug I I1 by engagement of the lug I55 with the ratchet tooth I54, in which it was disposed by the counter-clockwise rotation of the lever I38 under tension of springs I41 and I62 which tend to urge the engaged lug I55 and ratchet teeth I54 or I54 into engagement with each other. Thus, in all denominational orders to the left of the rightmost order being operated, the registration is eliminated as the operator shifts from one figure of the multiplicand to the next.

Means are also provided for preventing further rotation of the actuating ratchet I63 and numeral wheel IIlI after one complete revolution has been imparted thereto. A visible signal in association with each stroke registering mechanism is also provided to inform the operator that more key strokes have been made than the shutter I 29.

disposed adjacent and to the left (viewing Figs' 2 and 3) of a lateral lip or lug I64 formed at the lower extremity of a shutter actuating arm I65 which is fixedly secured to one vertical arm of the The shutters I29 and their actuating arms I65 are pivotally mounted on the numeral wheel shaft I66 and are normally restrained in a position to the rear of the sight opening I62 by means of the back stop spring, one end of which is connected to the other arm I28 of the shutter I29. Rotational movement of the shutter is limited by engagement of stop surfaces I66 at the upper extremity of the actuating arm IE5 with stop studs I61 and I61 fixed in the right-hand side of the intermediate frame members 22. As the numeral wheel I6I and its actuating ratchet I63 is advanced one step for each key depression through the action of the connecting link I68, ratchet pawl H6 and ratchet pawl lug II I to register the number of key depressions made in its associated denominational order, the pin I63 fixed in the ratchet I63 will be rotated with it. When the numeral wheel I6I reaches the 9 position to indicate nine key depressions or adding actuations have been effected in that order, the pin I63 will have been positioned adjacent and to the right (viewing Figs. 2'

and 3) of the lateral lip or lug I64. Therefore, upon the next key depression, when the ratchet pawl lug II1 engages a tooth of the ratchet I63 and rotatesit'in a clockwise direction (Fig. 3), the pin I63 will, through its engagement with the lip I64, compel clockwise rotation of the actuating arm I 65 and shutter I29 to which it is secured, against the tension of spring I26, until halted by engagement of stop portion I66 with stop stud I61. The shutter I 29, which may be of any distinctive color, such as red, is then positioned between the sight opening I62 and the numeral wheel I I6I to close the sight opening and serve as a visible signal to the operator that more than nine key depressions (or otherwise permissible number) have taken place in that particular order.

After the numeral wheel I6! has made one complete revolution, as just described, and theshutter I29 is in operative position, further rotation of the numeral wheel and actuating ratchet I63 is prevented by engagement of pin I63 with lip I 64 of the shutter actuating arm I65 which is held from further clockwise movement by engagement of its stop surface I66 with stop stud I61. As the pin I53 closes the shutter, it engages the topsurface of the end I56 of the guard lever I45 carrying it down into a position to prevent the lug I I1 of the ratchet pawl II6 from engaging the teeth of the register wheel ratchet I63. Thus further action of said, register from an continuous key action is prevented.

Means are provided for independently returning all the numeral wheels I 6| of the stroke register t zero position under the tension of the springs I34 and to likewise recondition the stroke registering mechanism for actuation in any denominational order. For this purpose there is provided on the right hand side of the machine (Fig. 1) a finger piece I68 which ex-' tends downwardly into the machine through an 11 elongated slot I68 and is secured to: a guard member in the form of a sector I'II designed to cover the slot and. forming, in this instance, a part of a lever I72 (Fig. 6), which is pivotally mounted on a stud I73 fixed to the outer frame of. the machine. Articulately connected to a curved, downwardly extending arm II4 of the lever H2 is a vertical link H5 which at its other end. is connected to a horizontal, forwardly extending arm I76 of an elbow lever Ill. The lever IT! is provided with a U-shaped hubportion I'I8 mounted on a shaft H9 and. is also provided with. an upwardly-extending arm I8! which. at its free end is in engagement with a pin I82 fixed in a link I83 intermediate its ends. At its upper extremity the link #83 is articulately connected to an arm I84 which is rigidly secured to the notched transordinal rock shaft I33. At its lower end the link. I83 is articulately connected toan arm I85 which is fixedly secured to a hub I86 rotatably mounted upon a transordinal rock shaft I81 for a purpose which will presently be explained. A sprin I80, on one end of which is connected to the hub I18 of lever I11 and the other end of which is connected to the arm I35, normally maintains the parts in the position of Fig. 6. Through the above arrangement, it will be apparent that forward movement, to the left viewing Fig. 6, of the finger piece I68 will. cause counter-clockwise motion of the lever I12 which, through connecting link I15, causes similar movement to the elbow lever I'II against the tension of spring I80. Counter-clockwise motion of the lever I'E'I, through the. arm I8I and pin I82, imparts downward movement to the link I85 and counter-clockwise action (Fig. 6) to the notched rock shaft I33. As earlier described, the lower extremities of the depending. arms [-31 of the back stops I24 are maintained in engagement with notches I32 of the shaft I33 under tension of springs I28. When, however, the shaft I33 is rocked in a clockwise (Fig. 3) direction upon manipulation of the finger piece I68, the back stops I26 are rocked in a counter-clockwise direction about their pivots I23 and their lateral stop lugs I are removed from engagement with the teeth of the ratchets I03 against thetension of their springs I26. Simultaneously with removal of the back stops from engagement with the teeth of the ratchets, rocking of the shaft 533 also causes clockwise (Fig. 3) rotation of the levers I5? about their pivot I58 through the engagement of their rearwardly extending arms I6I with notches I32 of the rock shaft I33. Clockwise motion of the levers I51 causes their upright hooks I59 to engage the pins I86 (Fig. 3) fixed in the guard levers I46 and pull the said levers M6 down so that their ends I depress the ratchet pawl lugs II! and thereby remove them from engagement with the teeth of the ratchets I83. With the ratchets I03 so cleared against backward rotation, the numeral wheels which may have been turned to register strokes in the different orders will be allowed to return under tension of their springs I34 until halted at zero positions by their pin" I63 engaging the lateral lip I64 of the shutter actuating arms I65 which will have been returned to the inoperative position of Fig. 3 under tension of spring I26, if any had been closed by error. As the dog levers I 56 are operated by the rocking of the transordinal shaft I33 their detaining lugs I are freed from the ratchet teeth I54 and I54 so that. any of the overlapping levers I38 which may have been set will be freed and will. return to is broken (as shown in Fig. 6).

normal under the action of springs I4I'. After the numeral wheels have returned to zero and other parts, as stated, return to normal position, release of the finger piece I68 allows the rock shaft :38 to be rocked back to normal under tension of spring I80 allowing the back stops I24 and horizontal actuating ratchet pawls M6 to reengage the teeth of the ratchet I03 under ten-- sion of their springs I26 and H8, respectively. and. the dog levers I5? to return to normal under the action of their springs I62. In such a cleared position, any denominational order of stroke registering mechanism is conditioned for operaticn upon depression of a key in its associated order to record the number of strokes therein.

Means are also provided for causing the return of the numeral wheels of the stroke register to zero position and reconditioning the mechanism thereof coincident with return of the regular register numeral wheels 34 to zero position upon manipulation of the regular clearing or zeroizing crank I88. The zeroizing mechanism illustrated is of. the type disclosed. in United States Letters Patent No. 2,063,962, earlier mentioned, and only a brief description of the mechanism pertinent to the present invention is thought to be necessary. The zeroizing crank I88 is mounted upon a short transverse shaft upon which is fixedly secured an inner segment I89 (Fig. 6) to which is pivoted a link I9I which in turn is pivoted to a depending lever I92 pivoted at I93 on the fixed frame. The lower end of the lever I92 is articulately connected by means of a short link I94 with. an arm I95 rotatably mounted with respect to atransordi'nal shaft I96 which is journaled in the fixed frame. The arm I95 is provided with an. engaging face adapted to contact with a rocker arm I9! fast to the shaft I 96. When the parts arein the relative position indicated in Fig. 6, a short pivotal movement of the zeroizing lever I88 toward the left will, through the segment I89, the link I9I, lever I92, short link I94, arm I95 and rocker arm I91, impart a short rocking movement to the shaft I95 in a counter-clockwise direction. Such movement of the shaft I96 results, through mechanism fully described in the aforementioned patent, in zeroizing of the numeral wheels 34'.

Articulately connected to an arm of the shaft I96 at the left hand side of the machine, viewing Fig. l, is the forward link I98 (Fig. 6) of a detaining toggle which is connected at I89 to the rear link 20I of the said toggle. The link MI is rotatably mounted on a short transverse shaft 202 upon which is also mounted an arm 203 to which a rearwardly extending link 204 is articulately connected by a stud 22I having a head extending to the left acting to receive action from a projection 222 of the link 20I when the toggle At its rear extremity' thelink 204 is pivotally connected to an arm 205 which is rigidly mounted upon the transordinal rock shaft I81.

At the right hand side of the machine, adjacent the arm I85, there is rigidly mounted upon the shaft I8! an arm 206 which is normally in engagement with a stud 20! fixed in the arm I85. When the zeroizing lever I88 is moved to the left, viewing Fig. 6, and the shaft I96 is rocked in a counter-clockwise direction, as just described, the detaining toggle links I98 and 20 I will be made up, swinging downward and forward the link 20I thereof, which will release the stud 22! from the pressure of the projection 222 which, when the toggle is broken. as shown in Fig. 6, holds the said stud 22|, arm 203 and link 204'aga'inst the pull of a spring 200 connected between arm 203 and link 204. The pull of said spring 200 is great enough to rock the transordinal shaft I81 counter-clockwise and through the arm 206 will rock the arm I85 in a counter-clockwise direction through contact with pin 201, pulling the link I 83 downward and forward, producing a clearing and zeroizing action of the stroke register and its related mechanism as previously described for manipulation of the individual clearing device I08. The shafts I96, I81 and I33 are maintained in the position to which they are rocked when the pivot I99 of the detaining toggle I90, 20I falls below center, in which position it is maintained under tension of spring 223. Thereafter, upon depression of a key 2 and engagement of hook 58 and toothed wheel 13 in any order, the guide arm 60 is rocked in a counter-clockwise direction (Fig. 2) about its pivot 55 and strikes the arm 62 in that order, which is fixedly secured to the rock shaft I81, thus rocking the shaft in a clockwise direction (Fig. 6) and removing the arm 206 from engagement with the stud 201 in the arm I85. Partial rotation of shaft I31 is transmitted to shaft 202 to rock that shaft in the same direction to break toggle I99, 20!. Disengagement 0f the arm 206 from the stud 201 allows the arm I85 to be rocked in a clockwise direction which causes, through the medium of the link I83, counterclockwise action (Fig. 3) of the notched shaft I33, which allows the return of the back stop and actuating pa'wls of the stroke register and action of the overlapping levers I 38 to be in position for a new registration of the stroke counter before the hook 58 is released from the toothed wheel 13, to cause registration in the associated stroke register numeral wheel.

Means are provided for making the stroke registering mechanism inoperative at the will of the operator so that no registration is made in its numeral wheels |0I upon depression of keys 24 in an denominational order This is accomplished by causing the stroke register zeroizing sector lever I12 to be locked in a forward or operative position to maintain the actuating pawl ratchet lugs I I1 out of engagement with the teeth of the register wheel ratchet I 63. To this end there is provided a lock lever 208 (Fig. 6) pivotally mounted on a stud 209 fixed in the outer mally urges the lever 208 in a clockwise direction (viewing Fig. 6) but is restrained against such movement by engagement of the vertical stem 2I6 of finger button 2 I1 with the projection 2|3. The stem 2I6 extends through a slot in the top plate of the keyboard 25 and is adapted to be moved forwardly and rearwardly (Fig. 1) a limited distance. A spring friction plate 2| 8 (Fig. 6) tends to maintain the finger button 2|1 and stem 2I6 in the position to which they are moved. When it is desired that the stroke register be made inoperative, the finger button 2|! is moved rearwardly, to the right viewing Fig. 6, thus allowing the lever 203 to be rocked in a clockwise direction under tension of its spring 2| 5 and disposing the hook 2I4 in the path of movement of a pin 2 I9 which is fixed in the forward end and side of the sector lever I12 forming the zeroizing lever for the stroke register. When the stroke register zeroizing finger piece IE8 is moved to theleft, as m Fig. 6, and the finger button 2 n is pushed rearward, the pin 2I9 will be engaged by the hook 2M and the zeroizing lever I12 will be locked in operative position. As earlier de-- scribed, such movement of the lever I12 causes the notched shaft I33 to clear the ratchet pawl lugs 1 from engagement with the teeth of the ratchet I03. With the parts locked in such position, subsequent depressions of keys 24 are ineffective to cause actuation of the stroke register wheels |0I as the actuating pawl lugs I I1 are held out of engagement with the ratchets I03 by the depressed guard levers I45. To again make the stroke-register operative, it is necessary only to move the finger button 2| 1 forward or to the left,

as in Fig. 6, the action of which is obvious from previous description of the return movement of the stroke clearing mechanism.

It is thought that the invention and its attendant advantages will be understood from the foregoing description, and it will be apparent that various changes may be made in the form, construction and arrangement of the parts without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention or sacrificing its material advantages, the form hereinbefore described and illustrated in the drawings being merel a preferred embodiment thereof.

- While the operation of the novel stroke counter has been described with particular reference to multiplication, it will be evident that the mechanism will similarly count the key strokes and register them for the number of times the divisor is subtracted to arrive at the dividend. Thus dividing and multiplying on calculating machines of the type herein shown are greatly simplified.

It will also be appreciated that the number of strokes to be registered by the mechanism may vary according to whatever the order is designed to represent. For instance, as in the machine illustrated in the drawings, the value of each order being decimal, the stroke register, whichvalues only reach to 9 for each order, whereas in fractions such as Sths, 12ths and 16ths, English currency and India currency, the stroke register wheels may have corresponding stroke values, the mechanism being arranged to operate accordingly and the shutter to close the sight aperture after any number of strokes greater than the denominational value of its order.

In view of the fact that the process of multiplication and division on the ke responsive type of calculators, whether key-driven or powerdriven, is so commonly known by those interested in the art it will be unnecessary to herein set forth additional examples of the procedure. The description of the working of the mechanism for recording same should be sufficient for a clear understanding of how the machine registers the result in either case.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a calculator having various denominational orders of key-responsive adding mechanism and registering mechanism instantly remechanism for registering in the special register key strokes made in said order, means for disconnecting the connecting means in each order and means actuated upon depression of a key to operate the disconnecting means in all orders to the left of the depressed key, a signal device for each numbered wheel of the special register and v operated automatically upon depression of a key in an order more times than the denominational value of said order, manual means for clearing the special register and the signal device, said clearing means operating to reconnect all disconnected connecting means, devices for clearing the registering mechanism, and means connected with the last-named devices for operating said clearing means whereby both registers may be simultaneously cleared and the connecting means may be reconnected in all orders.

2. In a calculator having various denominatio'nal orders of key-responsive adding and registering mechanism each immediately responsive to key-actuation, means for recording the number of key strokes including a special register having a numbered wheel for each order, means connecting a dififerent one of said numbered wheels to a different order of the adding mecha nism for registering in the special register key strokes made in said order, means for disconnecting the connecting means in each order, and means actuated automatically upon depression of a key to operate the disconnecting meansin all orders to the left of the depressed key.

3. In a calculator having various denominational orders of key-responsive adding mechanism and registering mechanism instantly responsive to key depression, means for recording the number of key strokes including a special register having a numbered Wheel for each order, means connecting a difierent one of saidnumbered wheels to a diilerent order of the adding mechanism for registering in the special register key strokes made in said order, means for disconnecting the connecting means in each order, means actuated automatically upon depression of a key to operate the disconnecting means in all orders to the left of the depressed key, and manually actuable clearing means for clearing said special register, said clearing means operating upon actuation to reconnect all disconnected connecting means.

4. In a calculating machine responsive to key actuation and having sufiicient orders of registering mechanism unified with key-responsive adding mechanism to serve in multiplication or division, means for recording the numbe of key strokes including a special register having a plurality of orders, means operatively connecting each of the orders of the special register with a different one of the orders of the adding mechanism to cause registration in the special register of the number of key strokes made in each order of adding mechanism and means provided in each order of the addin mechanism and operating upon depression of any one of the ordinal keys in that order for rendering inoperative the connecting means associated with all orders of adding mechanism to the left of the depressed key.

5. In a calculating machine responsive to key actuation and having sufficient orders of' registering mechanism unified with key-responsive adding mechanism to serve in multiplication or division, means for recording the number of key strokes including a special register, means connecting the special register with the adding mechanism in each order for registering in said special register the number of key strokes made in each order, disconnecting mean provided in each order adapted to render inoperative the connecting means in said order, means inter-- connectin the disconnecting means in each order with the adding mechanism in each order to the right of said last mentioned disconnecting means foroperating the disconnecting means upon depression of a key associated with said last men-' tioned order of adding mechanism, and means provided in each order of disconnecting means and actuated with operation of a disconnecting means to operate the disconnecting means in the next order to the left.

6. In a calculatin machine responsive to key actuation and having sumcient orders of registering mechanism unified with key-responsive adding mechanism to serve in multiplication or division, means for recording the number of key stroke including a special register, means connecting the special register with the adding mechanism in each order for registering in said special register the number of key strokes made in each order, disconnecting means provided in each order adapted to render inoperative the connecting means in said order, means interconmeeting the disconnecting means in each order with the adding mechanism in each order to the right of said last mentioned order of disconnecting means for operatin the disconnecting means upon depression of a key'associated with said last mentioned order of adding mechanism, means provided in each order of disconnecting means and actuated with operation of a disconnecting means in an order to operate the disconnecting means in the next order to the left, a manually actuable clearing mechanism to zeroize the registering mechanism, and means connecting the clearing mechanism to the connecting means ineach order and operated upon actuation of the clearin means for rendering operative the connecting means in all orders.

7. In a calculating machine responsive to key actuation and having suflicient orders of registering mechanism unified with key-responsive adding mechanism to serve in multiplication or division, mean for recordin the number of key strokes including a special register, means connecting the special register with the addingv mechanism in each order for registering in said special register the number of ke strokes madenominational orders of register mechanism uni-' fied with key-responsive adding mechanism, each register mechanism being instantly responsive to key depression for operation, means for recording the number of key strokes in each order including an ordinally organized special register, means connectin each of the orders of the special register to a difierent one of the orders of adding mechanism and operated automatically upon key depression for recording in the special register the number of key strokes in each order of adding mechanism up to and including the denominational value of said order, means for disconnecting the connecting means in each order of addin mechanism, and means operated upon depression of any one of the ordinal keys in any one or more orders of adding mechanism to operate the disconnecting means in all orders necting the special register to the adding mech- 10 anism in each order and operated automatically upon key depression for registering in the special register the number of times a group of keys is repeatedly depressed, mean for disconnecting the connecting means and means operated automatically upon depression of a group of keys to operate disconnecting means in all orders to the left of the rightmost key depressed whereby said number is registered only in the order of the rightmost key depressed, and means for clearing 0 the register mechanism and simultaneously reconnecting the connecting means in all orders to reset the machine for a new example.

JOSEPH A. V. TURCK.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 7 628,273 Mallmann July 4, 1899 Y 1,208,288 Carlin Dec. 12, 1916 1,297,711 Mays Mar. 18, 1919 1,309,536 Mays July 8, 1919 1,874,719 Von Pein Aug. 30, 1932 2,104,051 Niemann Jan. 4, 1938 2,241,102 Turck May 6, 1941 2,311,354 Friden et al Feb. 16, 1943 2,436.668 Pdenphant Feb. 24, 1948 

